Realisation

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The project “The Times” required a lot of tasks and additional requirements which were necessary to realize the idea and get a functional product. In detail the work was done in the following way. The tasks were divided into the four main parts illumination, substrate, programming and design. The research for illumination and substrates were done by Chinmay Bapat and Sarina Keilwitz, including the ways how we could illuminate the clock and the inks and foils which we would needed for the printing part.Maik Müller was accountable for the programming, including generating a program for the micro-controller and to engineer a current circuit for the whole clock, while Martin Bennewitz created the design of the clock and also the design of each layer we had to print. In our regular meetings we discussed the results of the research and decided the next steps. But also the additional requirements like the weekly presentations and minutes were important and made by Maik Müller and Martin Bennewitz, while the time management was organized by Sarina Keilwitz and the final report coordination by Chinmay Bapat. ===== = Screen Printing =

This printing method can have several names. So for artists it is serigraphy and hobbyist call it silk screen printing. It is one of the world`s oldest printing technology to create words and images. And today, it is the only printing method that allows you to print directly onto virtually anything. That means you can print on vertical, soft, hard or round surfaces. //(Niir Board: Screen Printing Technology Hand Book, Asia Pacific Business Press Inc. 2009, ISBN: 81-7833-053-9)//

** Principle: ** The screen is made of piece of porous, finely woven fabric called mesh which is streched over a frame of aluminium or wood. Currenlty most meshes are made of steel, nylon or polyester. To form a stencil you need areas which are blocked with a non-permeable material typically resin. And areas including the image or words that have to be printed.

When the screen is placed atop the substrate, like paper or anything, ink is placed on top of the screen. In the next step a rubber blade is in use to move the mesh down to the substrate and fill the mesh openings with ink. The ink in the mesh openings is pumped or squeezed by capillary action to the substrate in a controlled and prescribed amount.

** Screen printing materials: **

This printing method allows you to work with a lot of different materials. Here are only some examples. - Discharged inks which you can use to print lighter colors onto dark backround fabrics. - Expanding ink. This is an additive to plastisol inks raises the print off the garment and gives you a 3D feeling. - Four colour process. The artwork is created and then separated into four colours (CMYK). This means a large number of colours can be simulated using only 4 screens, reducing costs, time, and set-up. - Metallic has smaller particles than glos in the ink. A glue is printed onto the fabric, then nanoscale fibers applied on it. - Mirrored silver. It´s another kind of solvent based ink. - Plastisol is the most common ink used in commercial garment decoration. It has a good colour opacity onto dark garments and clear graphic detail with a more plasticized texture. - Water-Based inks penetrate the fabric more than the plastisol inks and create a much softer feel. These inks are ideal for printing darker inks onto lighter coloured garments. They are also useful for larger area prints where the texture is important.

** This project: ** For this project “The Times” we use screen printing for each layer we need. That means we use it to create the circuits, the dielectric layer and the isolator. Therefor we use (name) for the circiuts, (name) for the dielectric and (name) for the isolator.